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Tropical Biology

Indonesia's tropical region geographically covers areas located between the Northern Tropic and 23°27’ South Latitude. The tropics are regions located between the 18°C isotherm of the coldest month. Overall, the tropics cover 30% of the Earth's surface. Tropical forests are forests located in tropical regions. Tropical rainforests are one of the oldest forest vegetation types that have covered much of the land. Tropical rainforest ecosystems exist in areas with climate types A and B (according to the Schmidt and Ferguson climate classification), or it can be said that this ecosystem type is found in areas that are always wet, in areas with Podsol, Latosol, Alluvial, and Regosol soil types with good drainage, and located far from the coast. Tropical rainforest stands are dominated by evergreen trees. The diversity of plant and animal species in tropical rainforests is very high. The number of tree species found in tropical rainforests is greater than that found in other ecosystems.

Biodiversity, or the diversity of living organisms, comes from various sources within an ecosystem. An ecosystem is a collection of organisms, both plants and animals, that interact with each other and with their surrounding environment. Biodiversity is the term used for the diversity of natural resources, including the number and frequency of ecosystems, species, and genes in a given place. Basically, diversity describes a varied condition of an object that occurs due to differences in size, shape, texture, and quantity, while the word "biological" means something that is alive. Biodiversity can be defined as the diversity or variety of living organisms that can occur as a cause and effect. Differences include variations in shape, size, color, texture, appearance, and also their characteristics. Biodiversity is also often known as biodiversity.

Biodiversity is a level that exists on Earth and this becomes a benchmark or measure for determining environmental health. Biodiversity in tropical ecosystems has a higher number than biodiversity in cold environments. This condition is caused by climate or weather because biodiversity is a function of climate. Diversity can also be caused by genetic variation or gene structure within a species of living organism. Genes themselves are hereditary trait carriers that can be found in chromosomes. Each gene sequence will give an appearance, both anatomical and physiological, to each organism. If the sequence is different, then the appearance will also be different in one trait or even overall. This diversity is quite easy to recognize by characteristics that have variations, the same scientific name, and morphological differences that are not too striking. Usually, genetic-level biodiversity is called a variety.

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