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Actinomycetes as Probiotics to Support Fish Growth

 Actinomycetes as Probiotics to Support Fish Growth


The Actinomycetes species that has potential to be used as a probiotic is Streptomyces sp. This species is known to inhibit pathogenic bacterial infections and has antiviral capabilities. Streptomyces sp. Actinomycetes has potential as a probiotic in shrimp aquaculture because it has several advantages, such as acting as an agent that produces antibacterial and antiviral compounds, as a degrader of complex compounds such as starch, protein, lignocellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, keratin, and chitin, which play a role in mineralization and nutrient cycling in ponds, as well as in the digestion of shrimp feed in the host's large intestine. The majority are non-pathogenic and have spores that can survive in extreme conditions. The requirements for microorganisms to be used as probiotics are that they must be able to survive in acidic and alkaline conditions, provide protection to their host, and be able to survive in extreme environmental conditions, as characterized by Actinomycetes bacteria.


The role of hydrolase enzymes is crucial in probiotic feed. Extracellular enzyme groups such as protease, cellulase, amylase, xylanase, and mannanase can stimulate the release of bile acids. This group contributes significantly to the emulsification of non-starch polysaccharides, making nutrients more available to cultured animals. A mixture of probiotics and enzymes has been proven to trigger a higher final body weight of cultured animals and a lower feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Protease plays a role in increasing the hydrolysis of feed protein, thereby increasing nitrogen and amino acid utilization.


Efficient nutrient utilization in feed is an important factor in increasing growth. Fish feed can be said to be high quality if the feed contains nutrients that are easily digested by fish. The administration of probiotics containing Lactobacillus bacteria, Actinomycetes sp, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in feed is intended to increase fish digestibility of feed by increasing digestive enzymes that can hydrolyze protein into simpler compounds so that they are easily absorbed and used as deposits for growth. Probiotics are photosynthetic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus sp, Actinomycetes sp, Streptomyces sp, and yeast. EM4 probiotics containing lignocellulolytic microbes will help break down lignocellulotic bonds so that lignin and cellulose will be released, and proteolytic microbes produce protease enzymes that function to break down protein into amino acids. This condition describes that the potential of Actinomycetes bacteria is very large, so further research needs to be conducted to obtain optimal results.

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