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Mangrove Ecosystems as A Vital Role in Carbon Storage

Mangrove comes from a combination of the Portuguese word mangue and the English word grove. In Portuguese, the word mangrove is used for individual plant species, while mangal is used for the forest community. In English, mangrove is defined as trees that grow in coastal areas or other associated plants. Other terms used to refer to mangrove forests include coastal woodland, mangal, and tidal forest. Mangroves are a coastal tropical vegetation community that lives in estuaries, rivers, lagoons, and intertidal zones with muddy or sandy-mud substrate. Mangroves are classified as higher plants that have the potential for abundant organic matter content, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds used by microorganisms for growth.

Mangrove ecosystems are classified as intertidal ecosystems where there is strong interaction between seawater, brackish water, rivers, and terrestrial areas. Mangroves live in tropical and subtropical climate zones and play a role in ecological, social, and economic systems. Mangrove ecosystems also play an important role as habitats for various organisms. Mangrove forests generally have vegetation that is physiologically adaptable to high salinity, structure, tidal conditions, and substrate composition, such as Rhizophora sp. and Avicennia alba. Mangroves consist of major mangroves, minor mangroves, and associated mangroves. Mangrove genera that grow on alluvial muddy soil in river estuaries influenced by tides include Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Lumnitzera, Xylocarpus, Aegiceras, Nypa, Scyphyphora, and Excoecaria

Mangrove ecosystems play a vital role in carbon storage, making them a crucial component in climate change mitigation. Mangrove forests are capable of absorbing and storing large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, locking this carbon into biomass and sediment. This ability makes mangrove ecosystems one of the most effective carbon storage ecosystems in the world, with a significantly higher carbon storage capacity per hectare than terrestrial forests. Therefore, mangrove ecosystems play a crucial role in achieving the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets of the Forestry Sector, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and support Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2060. Mangrove conservation and rehabilitation efforts can significantly reduce GHG emissions, thereby supporting the emission reduction targets set in the NDC. This also helps Indonesia contribute to the global climate change agenda, in line with Indonesia's more ambitious vision in the LTS-LCCR 2050 document, through mitigation actions under Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink 2030. By protecting and restoring mangrove ecosystems, Indonesia can achieve its international commitments and effectively mitigate the impacts of climate change.

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