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Types of Bacterial Stocking / Preservation

Types of Bacterial Stocking / Preservation Bacterial stocking aims to store bacteria that are still viable for future use. There are 2 types of stocking: 1. Short Term Keeping    Short Term Keeping is done routinely, usually once a month, into new media. The procedure for Short Term Keeping is: prepare the required tools and materials, UV LAF, and make new media. Once the media is prepared, inoculate the bacteria onto the media in a slant tube and store it in a fridge at 2-8°C. 2. Long Term Keeping Long Term Keeping requires a cryoprotectant agent to protect bacterial cells during storage in a deep freezer at -80°C to prevent cell damage at extreme temperatures. The cryoprotectant agent used for long-term storage is glycerol.  The procedure for this method is: prepare the required tools and materials, UV LAF, and make Broth media. The isolate to be stocked is inoculated into 5-7 mL of liquid media in a slant tube. The bacterial inoculum is then shaken for 24 hours. After ...
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Biological Activity in Marine Invertebrates Especially Bio-Active Compounds of Sponge

Indonesia has rich marine biodiversity and potential for development. Abundant marine resources are not only a food source but can also be developed into medicinal ingredients.

Marine invertebrates are the marine organisms that produce the largest number of bioactive compounds compared to marine vertebrates. This is because marine invertebrates have more limited physical movement than marine vertebrates, resulting in a greater response to bioactive compound production.

Marine invertebrates with biological activity include sponges, ascidians, mollusks, and bryozoans. In the past decade, the world's attention in medicine has begun to turn to marine organisms as a potential source of these compounds. The need for new antibiotics is high, especially those that are effective in inhibiting resistant pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, information about active antibacterial compounds in the health sector is crucial in combating diseases caused by bacteria.

Infectious diseases are diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. They can be a major cause of human morbidity and mortality. In 2015, the Global Burden of Disease (GDBS) estimated that infectious diseases were among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. The increasingly rapid development of medicine has led to the exploration of various new drugs. The use of synthetic antibiotics can have side effects, necessitating the discovery of new antibiotics. The National Cancer Institute (Washington) has obtained screening data showing that several marine organisms possess biological activities such as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-leukemic, anti-cancer, and other activities.

Sponges are marine invertebrates that possess more than 20 categories of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, anticancer, antileukemic, insecticidal, antihelminthic, and cytotoxins, making them attractive for development. Nutritionally, sponges are more suitable as microbial niches than nutrient-poor seawater. The interaction between bacteria and sponges is called mutualistic symbiosis, producing bioactive compounds. Sponges with high microbial abundance are called High-Microbial-Abundance (HMA), while sponges with low microbial abundance are called Low-Microbial-Abundance (LMA). The microbes that symbiotically interact with sponges, known as secondary metabolite producers, are members of the Actinobacteria group.

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