Bio-Active Compounds of Sponge

Sponges are marine invertebrates that possess more than 20 categories of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics, antivirals, anti-inflammatories, anticancer, antileukemic, insecticidal, antihelminthic, and cytotoxins, making them attractive for development. Nutritionally, sponges are more suitable as microbial niches than nutrient-poor seawater. The interaction between bacteria and sponges is called mutualistic symbiosis, producing bioactive compounds. Sponges with high microbial abundance are called High-Microbial-Abundance (HMA), while sponges with low microbial abundance are called Low-Microbial-Abundance (LMA). The microbes that symbiotically interact with sponges, known as secondary metabolite producers, are members of the Actinobacteria group.