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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROBIOTICS AND E. COLI (Escherichia coli)

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROBIOTICS AND E. COLI


Bacterial contamination of Escherichia coli in aquatic environments certainly causes water pollution, which later affects the growth of aquatic biota. The use of probiotics can improve intestinal health conditions, thus playing a role in increasing fish digestive efficiency.  


Escherichia coli has several antigens, namely O, H, and K antigens, where O antigen (somatic) is the outermost part of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide and consists of repeating polysaccharide units. O antigen is thermostable or heat-resistant and alcohol-resistant. Escherichia coli can be transmitted through activities such as hand-to-mouth contact or through water. Certain strains can cause inflammation of the peritoneal lining and intestines. E. coli becomes a dangerous pathogen when it lives outside the intestines, such as in the urinary tract. Further research is needed regarding the potential of Actinomycetes bacteria to develop its potential as a probiotic in controlling E. coli population in aquatic environments.


Escherichia coli bacteria are one of the normal flora of the digestive tract that play a role in metabolic functions in the intestine, such as vitamin K synthesis. E. coli is considered an opportunistic bacterium and is pathogenic if it is in tissues outside the intestine or outside its habitat. Current treatment of infection is generally carried out by consuming antibiotics.  


Inappropriate selection of antibiotics can cause negative impacts, namely the emergence of bacterial resistance and low effectiveness of antibiotics against certain bacteria. Around 29% of E. coli infection treatments show antibiotic resistance effects. The lack of side effects from using probiotics shows that probiotics are safer to use compared to antibiotics. The International Life Science Institute (ILSI) defines probiotics as food that, when consumed, can be beneficial for health by improving the body's immune system. The use of probiotics also has advantages, namely improving health by balancing the number of normal microflora. Probiotics also have anti-carcinogenic activity, improve digestion and food absorption, and modulate innate immunity. Based on their content, probiotics are divided into two types: single-strain and multi-strain probiotics. Single-strain probiotics consist of 1 lactic acid bacterial strain that is effective against certain pathogenic bacteria, while multi-strain probiotics consist of 2 or more combined lactic acid bacterial strains that can work synergistically in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the body.

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