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Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that lives in the intestines of humans and animals and plays a role in maintaining a healthy digestive system. This bacterium is also found in water and food, as are non-pathogenic strains of E. coli. Pathogenic strains, such as enterotoxigenic E. coli (EPEC), produce shiga toxin, which is an indicator of water pollution and invades the epithelial cells of the small intestine. The presence of E. coli in aquatic environments indicates contamination by waste or animal feces carried in the water.Escherichia coli is a type of bacteria belonging to the coliform family that normally lives in human and animal feces, therefore it is also called fecal coliform. E. coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium. E. coli is commonly found in water as a source of microbial pollution. This bacterium forms rods in chains with a length of approximately 2 micrometers and a diameter of 0.5 micrometers. This bacterium has Bacillus forms include monobacilli, diplobacilli, or streptobacilli, and do not form spores or capsules. The volume of E. coli generally ranges from 0.6-0.7 m3. Inappropriate E. coli culture can result in long filaments, rarely capsules, and motile E. coli strains.

E. coli bacteria have round, convex, smooth colonies with distinct edges. E. coli is classified as an opportunistic bacterium commonly found in the human large intestine as normal flora. E. coli motility can be either motile or non-motile. This pathogenic bacterium thrives at temperatures between 8-46°C, but its optimal temperature is 37°C (Arivo and Annissatussholeha, 2017). This temperature range allows E. coli to grow well in the human digestive tract. E. coli is known as a bacteria that causes diarrhea and digestive tract disorders. Not all E. coli are dangerous, but only a small number cause disease if their growth is uncontrolled. E. coli is generally harmless and can benefit humans by playing a role in the production of vitamin K. The presence of E. coli as part of the intestinal flora actually prevents the growth of other potentially harmful bacteria in the intestine.

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