Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Classification, Structure, Pathogenesis, Clinical Sign, Diagnosis, Prevention & Control

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV)

Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) is a virus that causes disease in tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) and other fish species. Here is a detailed and scientific explanation of TiLV:

Virus Classification

- Kingdom: Orthornavirae

- Phylum: Negarnaviricota

- Class: Insthoviricetes

- Order: Articulavirales

- Family: Amnoonviridae

- Genus: Tilapineura

- Species: Tilapia lake virus

Virus Structure

- TiLV has a RNA genome consisting of 10 segments

- The virus has a complex particle structure with a diameter of approximately 55-65 nm

Pathogenesis

- TiLV causes systemic disease in tilapia with clinical signs such as skin lesions, hemorrhaging, and internal organ damage

- The virus can be transmitted horizontally through direct contact between infected and healthy fish

- TiLV can also be transmitted vertically from parent to offspring

Clinical Signs

- Clinical signs of TiLV can vary depending on the fish species, age, and environmental conditions

- Common signs include:

    - Skin lesions and hemorrhaging

    - Swelling of the eyes and body

    - Internal organ damage such as liver, kidney, and spleen damage

    - Anemia and loss of appetite

Diagnosis

- Diagnosis of TiLV can be made using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription PCR)

- Serological techniques such as ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) can also be used to detect antibodies against TiLV

Prevention and Control

- Prevention of TiLV can be achieved by avoiding introduction of the virus into fish populations

- Control measures include using vaccines, immunostimulants, and disinfectants

- Good biosecurity and effective farm management practices are also important for preventing the spread of the virus

Overall, TiLV is an important virus in tilapia aquaculture and needs to be monitored to prevent significant economic losses.

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