Aquaculture Technology Center

 Nile tilapia is one of the most widely cultivated freshwater fish species. However, like other fish, Nile tilapia is also susceptible to various diseases that can cause significant economic losses. Diseases Affecting Nile Tilapia Bacterial Diseases - Aeromonas hydrophila: causes skin lesions, swelling, and mortality. This bacterium can infect Nile tilapia at various life stages. - Pseudomonas fluorescens: causes skin and gill lesions. Infection can lead to stress and increased mortality risk. - Edwardsiella tarda: causes skin and internal organ lesions. This bacterium can cause mass mortality in Nile tilapia if not promptly treated. Parasitic Diseases - Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich): causes white spots on the skin and gills. This parasite can lead to stress and increased mortality risk. - Trichodina sp.: causes fish to rub against the pond surface. This parasite can damage the skin and gills. - Dactylogyrus sp.: causes gill damage. This parasite can lead to stress and increas...

Biofloc fish farming is a method of fish cultivation that uses biofloc technology to increase productivity and resource efficiency. Here are some benefits of biofloc fish farming for food security: - Increased Productivity: Biofloc can increase fish productivity by more than 3 times compared to conventional methods. With higher stocking density, biofloc can produce more fish in a shorter time. - Land Use Efficiency: Biofloc can be done in smaller ponds and does not require large land areas, making it suitable for areas with limited land. - Efficient Water Use: Biofloc can reduce water usage because the system can process organic waste into natural feed for fish. - Improved Water Quality: Biofloc can improve water quality by balancing carbon and nitrogen, and reducing fish feed costs. - Environmentally Friendly: Biofloc is an environmentally friendly technology because it can reduce waste and process it into natural feed for fish. An example of successful biofloc fish farming can be see...

 Nitrate is one of the important water quality parameters in fish farming. Nitrate can have both positive and negative effects on fish farming, depending on its concentration. Positive Effects: - Nitrate is an important source of nitrogen for aquatic plants, which can help increase plant growth in aquaponic or hydroponic systems. - Nitrate can help improve water quality by reducing the levels of toxic ammonia and nitrite. Negative Effects: - High nitrate concentrations can cause stress in fish, especially if they exceed the tolerance limit of certain fish species. - High nitrate levels can lead to excessive algae growth, which can deplete oxygen and cause fish mortality. - Very high nitrate concentrations can cause diseases in fish, such as methemoglobinemia or "blue baby syndrome". Nitrate Tolerance Limit: - The safe nitrate tolerance limit for fish varies depending on the fish species, but it is generally considered that nitrate concentrations below 20-50 mg/L are safe. - H...

Catfish are susceptible to various diseases that can be caused by bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Here are some diseases that commonly affect catfish: Bacterial Diseases - Aeromonas hydrophila: symptoms include red wounds on the skin, body swelling, bleeding on the fins and belly, and sudden death. Treatment can be done with antibiotics such as oxytetracycline. - Edwardsiella tarda: symptoms include wounds and ulcers on the skin, swelling of internal organs, and fish becoming weak and easily dying. Treatment can be done with antibiotics such as kanamycin or tetracycline. - Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC): symptoms include bulging eyes, red spots on the body, swollen belly, and holes in the top of the head. Treatment can be done with a two-week antibiotic feed regimen. - Columnaris: symptoms include yellowish-brown lesions on the skin and gills. Treatment can be done with potassium permanganate. Parasitic Diseases - Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich): symptoms include whit...

Materials - Lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus spp.): can be obtained from fermented products such as yogurt or kimchi. - Sugar: as a source of energy for bacteria. - Water: clean and chemical-free water. How to Make 1. Prepare materials: mix lactic acid bacteria with sugar and water in a container. 2. Fermentation: allow the mixture to ferment for several days (3-5 days) at room temperature. 3. Inspection: check if the probiotic is ready to use by observing changes in color, smell, and texture. Usage 1. Add probiotic to water: add probiotic to fish farming water in the right dosage. 2. Monitor water quality: regularly monitor water quality to ensure the probiotic is working effectively. Benefits 1. Improving fish health: probiotics can help improve fish health by boosting their immune system. 2. Reducing stress: probiotics can help reduce stress in fish. 3. Improving water quality: probiotics can help improve water quality by reducing undecomposed organic matter. By using natural pro...

Ammonia (NH3) is an important water quality parameter in aquaculture. Ammonia can come from several sources, such as: - Fish excretion: Fish produce ammonia as a byproduct of protein metabolism. - Decomposition of organic matter: Undecomposed organic matter can produce ammonia through the decomposition process. Ammonia can have negative impacts on fish and other aquatic organisms, such as: - Gill damage: Ammonia can cause gill damage in fish, reducing their ability to breathe. - Stress and mortality: Ammonia can cause stress and mortality in fish if levels are too high. To control ammonia levels in aquaculture, several steps can be taken, such as: - Regulating feed quality: Using high-quality feed and avoiding overfeeding can reduce ammonia production. - Regulating fish density: Maintaining an optimal fish density can reduce ammonia production. - Using filters: Using effective filters can reduce ammonia levels in the water. - Regulating water circulation: Maintaining good water circula...

Microalgae are microscopic organisms that live in water and can perform photosynthesis like plants. They have the ability to produce biomass rich in nutrients, such as protein, lipids, and carbohydrates. Here are some detailed aspects of microalgae: Characteristics of Microalgae - Photosynthetic ability: Microalgae can produce energy from sunlight and CO2 through photosynthesis. - Rapid growth: Microalgae can grow rapidly and produce large amounts of biomass. - Nutrient-rich: Microalgae contain essential nutrients like protein, lipids, and carbohydrates. - Species diversity: There are thousands of microalgae species, each with unique characteristics. Applications of Microalgae - Animal feed: Microalgae can be used as a nutrient-rich feed for animals, improving the quality and quantity of animal production. - Biofuel: Microalgae can be used as a feedstock for biofuel production, such as biodiesel and bioethanol. - Cosmetics: Microalgae can be used as a raw material for cosmetic products...