Aquaculture Technology Center

 *Spawning of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)* The spawning of Nile tilapia is a complex process involving several stages, from broodstock preparation to egg hatching. B roodstock Preparation Stage 1. Broodstock Selection: Broodstock Nile tilapia are selected based on criteria such as size, health, and reproductive ability. 2. Gonad Maturation: Broodstock Nile tilapia are reared in optimal environmental conditions to mature their gonads (ovaries or testes). 3. Hormonal Induction: Broodstock Nile tilapia can be given hormones to stimulate gonad maturation and increase reproductive ability. Spawning Stage 1. Broodstock Mixing: Male and female broodstock Nile tilapia are mixed in a single tank to initiate spawning. 2. Nest Searching: Female Nile tilapia search for a site to build a nest, usually at the bottom of the tank or among aquatic plants. 3. Nest Building: Female Nile tilapia build a nest using their mouth and fins. 4. Egg Release: Female Nile tilapia release eggs into the...

The salmon (Salmo salar) has a unique and complex metabolism that allows it to adapt to different aquatic environments. Here's a scientific explanation of salmon metabolism: Energy Metabolism Salmon have a high energy metabolism, which is necessary to support their high activity levels, such as swimming and migration. They use energy from the food they consume, such as plankton, krill, and small fish, to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the primary energy source for their cells. Metabolic Processes Salmon metabolism involves several processes, including: 1. Digestion: Salmon have an efficient digestive system that allows them to digest food quickly and effectively. Digestive enzymes, such as amylase and lipase, break down carbohydrates and fats into sugars and fatty acids, which are then absorbed by the body. 2. Glycolysis: Glucose absorbed from food is converted into pyruvate through glycolysis, which is then converted into ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. 3. F...

Stress in eels can be caused by several factors, including: 1. Environmental Changes: Changes in temperature, pH, or water quality can cause stress in eels. 2. Population Density: Eels kept in high population densities can experience stress due to competition for food and space. 3. Rough Handling: Rough or improper handling can cause stress in eels. 4. Lack of Food: Inadequate or poor-quality food can cause stress in eels. 5. Disease: Infection with diseases can cause stress in eels. Symptoms of Stress in Eels: 1. Abnormal Behavior: Stressed eels may exhibit abnormal behavior, such as abnormal swimming or hanging at the water surface. 2. Loss of Appetite: Stressed eels may lose their appetite or refuse to eat. 3. Color Changes: Stressed eels may experience changes in skin color, becoming paler or darker. 4. Mortality: Prolonged stress can lead to mortality in eels. Ways to Reduce Stress in Eels: 1. Provide a Balanced Environment: Providing a balanced and stable environment can help red...

Cannibalism in fish is a phenomenon where fish eat individuals of the same species. This can occur in various fish species, both in natural environments and in aquariums. Reasons for Cannibalism in Fish: 1. Food Availability: In some cases, cannibalism can occur when food is scarce, forcing fish to eat other individuals to survive. 2. Growth and Development: In some fish species, cannibalism can occur as part of growth and development, where larger individuals eat smaller ones to obtain necessary nutrients. 3. Dominance and Hierarchy: Cannibalism can also occur as a form of dominance and hierarchy within fish groups, where stronger individuals eat weaker ones. Examples of Cannibalistic Fish Species: 1. Catfish (Clarias batrachus): Catfish are known to be cannibalistic, with larger individuals eating smaller ones. 2. Piranha (Serrasalmus rerratus): Piranhas are also known for their cannibalistic behavior, with larger individuals eating smaller ones. Impact of Cannibalism in Fish: 1. Pop...

Phytoremediation is the process of using plants to remove pollutants from the environment, including water. In the context of aquaculture, phytoremediation can be used to remove pollutants from water by using aquatic plants that can absorb nutrients and pollutants. The influence of phytoremediation with fish is as follows: 1. Improving water quality: Phytoremediation can remove pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals from water, thereby improving water quality and making the environment healthier for fish. 2. Reducing stress on fish: By removing pollutants from water, phytoremediation can reduce stress on fish and improve their health. 3. Increasing fish production: By improving water quality and reducing stress on fish, phytoremediation can increase fish production and reduce economic losses. 4. Reducing chemical use: Phytoremediation can reduce the need for chemicals to control water quality, thereby reducing costs and environmental impacts. 5. Increasing biodiversi...

Infection in catfish can be caused by various factors, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Here are some common types of infections that occur in catfish: 1. Bacterial Infections: - Aeromonas hydrophila: causes "red sore" or "ulcerative disease" - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: causes "fin rot" or "tail rot" - Edwardsiella tarda: causes "emphysematous putrefactive disease" 2. Viral Infections: - Iridovirus: causes "white spot disease" - Herpesvirus: causes "leukocyte disease" 3. Parasitic Infections: - Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: causes "white spot disease" - Trichodina: causes "trichodina disease" - Gyrodactylus: causes "gyrodactylus disease" 4. Fungal Infections: - Saprolegnia: causes "saprolegnia disease" - Achlya: causes "achlya disease" Symptoms of infection in catfish may include: - Changes in skin or fin color - Lesions or wounds on the skin or fins -...

The phosphate cycle in aquaculture is a complex process that involves the conversion of phosphate (PO4^3-) into a form that can be used by aquatic organisms. Here's an explanation of the phosphate cycle in aquaculture: Phosphate Sources 1. Fish feed: Phosphate can come from fish feed that contains phosphate. 2. Phosphate fertilizers: Phosphate can also come from phosphate fertilizers used in aquaculture. 3. Decomposition of organic matter: Phosphate can be produced from the decomposition of organic matter, such as fish waste and uneaten feed. Phosphate Cycle Process 1. Phosphate assimilation: Phosphate is taken up by phytoplankton, algae, and other aquatic plants for use as a phosphate source. 2. Phosphate precipitation: Phosphate can be precipitated to the bottom of the water body in the form of calcium phosphate or iron phosphate. 3. Phosphate decomposition: Precipitated phosphate can be broken down into a form that can be used by aquatic organisms through decomposition. 4. Phosp...